Bleeding, falls, and common injuries

Cuts and minor bleeding: recognized by visible broken skin and blood. Crew response within training typically includes using gloves, applying a clean dressing, and firm direct pressure, while checking the passenger's overall condition.

Severe bleeding: recognized by blood that soaks through dressings quickly or will not slow. This is treated as a priority — maintaining firm pressure, keeping the area elevated where practical, and alerting senior crew and the flight deck promptly, since significant blood loss can affect consciousness.

Nosebleeds: usually managed by having the passenger sit forward (not tilt the head back) and pinch the soft part of the nose, while crew monitor for it stopping within a reasonable time.

Falls and head injuries: recognized by the mechanism (a stumble, turbulence, a fall in the aisle) and signs like confusion, severe headache, repeated vomiting, or a visible wound. Any head injury with these signs is treated seriously and reported to the flight deck, since symptoms can appear or worsen over time.

Fractures and sprains: suspected when there is deformity, inability to bear weight, swelling, or significant pain after an injury. Within training, crew avoid moving the injured area unnecessarily, support it if possible, and keep the passenger comfortable while monitoring.

Exam tip: across all of these, the pattern is the same — recognize, protect the passenger from further harm, apply the within-training response, and escalate to the flight deck and any onboard medical professional when severity is uncertain.